git commit

git commit saves the changes currently staged in Git as a checkpoint with a message.

What you will learn

How the working tree, staging area, and repository relate
How to create a commit with a clear message
How to review what will be saved before committing

Minimal workflow

git status; git add index.html; git diff --staged; git commit -m "Update the home page"

Only staged changes are included. A commit message should describe the change so that you and your collaborators can understand the history later.

Common options and mistakes

git commit -a stages modifications and deletions to tracked files, but not new files.
git commit --amend replaces the latest commit; avoid rewriting a commit that others already pulled.
Review git diff --staged before committing so unrelated or secret files do not enter history.